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Electrochemical Storage System for Winter Hydroponics
(MAJOR-Project for MECE 2220U)
(Sept 2022- Dec 2022 )

Thermodynamics Research done in Class

Project Overview

​In this project, we explored the integration of advanced electrochemical technologies into a hydroponic greenhouse system designed to operate efficiently during winter months. Traditional greenhouse systems require significant energy for heating and water purification, especially in cold climates. Our solution addressed these challenges by designing an innovative subsystem that converts chemical energy into electrical energy, while also supporting water desalination and energy storage.
These technologies collectively support sustainable heating and energy delivery in a closed-loop cycle, reducing environmental impact while improving efficiency. The project applies core thermodynamic principles—including energy balance, entropy, and Gibbs free energy—and demonstrates how multi-disciplinary engineering can support the future of soilless agriculture and renewable energy integration.

Engineering Challenge(s)

Greenhouse operations in winter require sustainable methods to maintain optimal temperature and water quality. Traditional energy methods are inefficient and environmentally taxing.

 

Solution: Implement an electrochemical storage system that:

  • Converts saline water into fresh water (desalination)

  • Generates and stores energy using ion exchange and fuel cells

  • Applies thermodynamic cycles for energy transformation

Subsystem Breakdown

1. Electrodialysis (ED)

  • Function: Removes salt ions from water using ion-exchange membranes (CEM & AEM)

  • Thermodynamic Principles: Follows ion transport, entropy, and membrane selectivity

  • Cycle Used: Related to low-temperature Organic Rankine Cycle

  • Result: Freshwater produced and ions routed for electrolysis

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2. Electrolysis

  • Function: Splits water into hydrogen (Hâ‚‚) and oxygen (Oâ‚‚) gases using electricity

  • Inputs: Saltwater, metal electrodes, and electric power

  • Outputs: Hâ‚‚ and Oâ‚‚ gas for storage or fuel use

  • Thermodynamic Concepts: Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, ion transport

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3. PEM Fuel Cells

  • Function: Converts chemical energy from hydrogen into electricity

  • Structure: Polymer membrane, hydrogen input at anode, air input at cathode

  • Output: Electricity, heat, and water (used back in the system)

  • Advantage: Continuous operation as long as fuel is supplied

Results & Impact

  • Enabled renewable, clean energy integration for greenhouse heating

  • Demonstrated sustainable water purification via ion exchange

  • Created a closed-loop system improving energy reliability in agriculture

  • Provided a model for decentralized food production even in harsh climates

Key Learnings

  • Applied 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics in real-world agricultural systems

  • Understood ion transport processes in membrane science

  • Designed system workflows incorporating chemical, electrical, and thermal energy exchanges

  • Gained skills in interdisciplinary system thinking, including energy engineering, fluid mechanics, and process integration

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